Abstract—As the population is increasing day
by day, the environment should be clean and hygienic. In most of the cities the
overflowed garbage bins are creating an unhygienic environment. This will
further lead to a rise of different types of diseases. This will degrade the
standard of living. To overcome these situations an efficient smart garbage
management method has to be developed. In recent decades there is a quick
development in the rate of urbanization and therefore there is aneed of
economical urban improvement designs. Presently utilizing new age innovation
and vital approach, the idea of brilliant urban areas is coming up all around
the globe. A brilliant city is inadequate without an efficient waste
administration framework. This paper depicts the utilization of our model of
“Smart Dustbin”in dealing with the waste accumulation management. The dustbin
itself works as a robot, when it is full on command from authorized person it
goes to pre-learned path (for first time user has to guide towards garbage
dumping area) and empties itself. An authorized person gives command from
Webpage where dustbin status is updated regularly.Keywords—garbage level detection;
Google Maps API; Raspberry Pi; ultrasonic sensor; waste management.
INTRODUCTION
In society, waste generation rate is
exponentially rising in all the facets of society which is creating more and
more threats to the living beings. Waste management is a crucial issue but
often overlooked. Managing the waste is time consuming and requires a lot of
effort. Due to less time and inefficient efforts, we see mismanagement in the
garbage disposal system. The dustbins are noticed to be overflowing at many places.
This overflow causes a dirty environment which also proves to be unhygienic.
Solid waste management is a costly urban service that consumes around 30% of
Municipal Corporation’s annual budget in many developing nations [1]. Potential
methods of reducing fuel consumption were studied and observed. As per the
literature study, it is found that the consistent use of optimal collection
routes could potentially save an average of 7.5 L of fuel per truck per day
[6]. This can be overcome using some modern methodologies along with the
enhancement of smart cities. Trash has many ill-effects on the environment,
direct as well as indirect. Direct effects cause physical harm on human beings
and environment. Indirect effects contribute to the views and behavior that we
as a society contribute to the problem. Pune is one of the fastest developing
cities, according to Pune Municipal Corporation [PMC] Pune generates about 1300
to 1400 metric tons of waste per day. India generates approximately 133-770
tons of solid waste per day. Statistics also show that around 0.17 kg of waste
is produced per person per day in small cities and around 0.62 kg per person
per day in large cities. In the US alone, there are 200 million homes with each
house having 2 different bins (regular thrash & recycle thrash) making the
total bins count nearly 1.6 billion. The rest of the paper will be organized as
follows. Section-II gives an overview of the papers referred for the proposed
system. The detailed explanation of the proposed methodology is given in the
section-III. The experimental result of the proposed method is explained in the
section-IV. The overall conclusions of the smart dustbin are discussed in the
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LITERATURESURVEY
Krishna Nirde et. al. [1] proposes
the idea of continuous monitoring of the garbage bins by the waste management
authorities using the concept of Internet of Things. The bins are placed at
different locations around the city. The system offers two remote real time
monitoring: waste level sensing and weight sensing. The real time status of all
the bins is available on a website to the waste management authorities. In
this, the Programmable Interface controller sends the level and weight
information to the radio frequency receiver using radio frequency transmitter.
The Arduino board then processes the information that has been received at the
RF receiver and updates the website with the filled bins directly through the
internet shield.
Currently no automated system exists
for the management of waste disposal. Balamurugan S. et. al. [2] shows an
example of sending alert messages to authorities when the bins are completely
filled. In this proposed system, the ultrasonic sensors detect the garbage
level. This sensor node sends the information to the server node using
Bluetooth. The server node then processes the information using Arduino and
sends a message to the concerned authority. Further advances of measuring the
emission of harmful gases is added to this project. This lets the people get
understanding of what all gases are emitted in their surroundings. Dr. N.
Sathish Kumar et. al. [3] proposes Smart Alert System for municipal waste
management which provides an alert to the municipal web server based on the garbage
level ensuring instant cleaning of dustbin. It puts forth an e-monitoring
system which comprises of embedded system and web-based software assimilated
with Internet of Things and Radio-Frequency Identification technology. Use of
Radio-Frequency Identification technology, enhances the system by providing
automatic identification of garbage filled in the dustbin and sends the status
of clean-up to the server affirming that the work is done. An Android
application is developed which receives notifications by Wi-Fi module. The
alerts or notifications are sent on the app to the waste monitoring
authorities. Remote monitoring of the cleaning process done by the workers can
be done by using the Android application, thereby reducing the manual process
of monitoring and verification. Vincenzo Catania et. al. [4] proposes another
method in which two sensors namely the proximity sensor and the weight sensor
are used. The proximity sensor is used to check the level and the weight sensor
to gain the weight measure. A Zigbee module is used in this project to
communicate physical values and measurement to the nearest light pole. A Google
Maps API is used in this system to assign the work effectively to the garbage
collecting system. As shown in figure 1, the city is divided in sections like a
polygon. Each section is assigned a van. The van gets a notification in the
daily time slot as to which bin must be emptied. These bins are displayed to
the person in the garbage collecting van through Google Maps API.
Sateesh
Reddy Avutu et. al. [5] proposes a robot works using ultrasonic sensors. The
caster wheels are used to rotate the robot. The Arduino board is used to create
a map from source to destination. The obstacle in front of the robot is
detected by using an ultrasonic sensor. LCD module is used to display the
current position and action to be taken by the robot. A route map is stored
which gives the path from one room to another. S. Vinoth Kumar et. al. [7]
proposed a system based on RFID and GSM. In this system, the garbage level is
measured using ultrasonic sensors and weight is measured using force sensors.
When the measured value of the sensors crosses the threshold level, the red LED
on the dustbin turns on which indicate that the dustbin is full. Else, the green
LED is on. The coordinates of the location where the dustbin is located is sent
to the authorities using GSM system. Once the garbage collecting authorities
login to the android application, a list of all the dustbins along with their
garbage level and location will be displayed on the screen. Saurabh Dugdhe et.
al. [8] has proposed the idea of route optimization for the garbage collecting
vehicle. The level sensors detect the garbage threshold and MQ4 gas sensor that
is highly sensitive to methane gas detects the toxic level of the garbage. The
status of the bin is sent to the workstation. The garbage collecting van then
chooses the optimized route to collect the garbage. The days summary is then
sent to the server and reports are generated based on the information provided
CONCLUSION
Smart dustbins are a
step in the direction of bringingabout a change in the current garbage disposal
systems.Sensors for level and weight detection make sure that thedustbin
container does not overflow with garbage. Uponfilling of the container, the
dustbin moves to its destinationvia a predefined path, from where the garbage
collecting vanwill empty its contents. This system can be implemented invarious
situations that require either high manual labor(shopping malls and residential
complexes) or pose serioushealth risks (hospitals and laboratorieshttps://codeshoppy.com/shop/product/tourism-recommendation/
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